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| Article Name : | | | TERRITORIAL AND SOCIAL INEQUALITIES IN TUNISIA: Which Sustainable Urban Governance? | | Author Name : | | | ABDESSELEM MAHMOUD | | Publisher : | | | Ashok Yakkaldevi | | Article Series No. : | | | ROR-596 | | Article : | |  | Author Profile | | Abstract : | | | In this paper, the author addresses the urban sustainable governancequestion through the lens of social and territorial transversal multi scalar approach. Which sustainable urban governance is relevant to overcome social and territorial inequalities?The author adopted for a methodology which consists in exposing the inventory of fixtures of urban changes in Tunisia in their synchronic situation and transversal levels. He studiedurban changes atdifferent territory levels (local and global), and in a diachronic way. Territorial fragmentation in Tunisia is not a matter of a mere physical regional disparities, but they are, rather, geographical, political, social, and cultural ones. Since, the independency, the Nation-State undertook several developments plans entailing a deep gap between the Hinterland and the hinter world. During the last four decades, economic, and social policies were dominated by the off-shore investments. The Law 1972 exonerated them from paying taxes during the first ten years of activities in Tunisia. The consequence was the development of the coastal areas and the exclusion of the hinterland. Tunis Metropolis and the North-eastmonopolized most economic, social, and cultural projects. The acute poverty, and social exclusion in many left behind areas such as: Center West and South West of Tunisia entailed a growing uprising. Since 2008 in Gafsa, 2010, in Ben Gardane, many protests and clashes opposed protesters against local authorities. In December,17th, 2010, when Mohamed Al Bouazizi, a young ambulant merchant, set himself on fire to protest against oppression and injustice. The protest widespread all over Tunisia, and crowds of protesters gathered in front of the Interior Ministry in Tunis and ousted the former president Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali in January, 14th, 2011. Beyond the revolution, the successive transitional governments have been facing serious problems: unemployment of youngsters, unequal social and regional development. The Democratic transition is still adrift due to acute controversies, and lack of consensus hampering the implementation of a constitution that should guarantee full universal human rights and equal sustainable social and urban governance. | | Keywords : | | - Urban
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